|
AN OUTLINE ON STRUCTURED QUERY LANGUAGE (SQL)
2
Author(s):
DR PRABAL JYOTI JAIN,REENA
Vol - 3, Issue- 3 ,
Page(s) : 70 - 80
(2012 )
DOI : https://doi.org/10.32804/IRJMST
Abstract
Structured Query Language (SQL) is a specialized language for updating, deleting, and requesting information from databases. SQL is an ANSI and ISO standard, and is the de facto standard database query language. A variety of established database products support SQL, including products from Oracle and Microsoft SQL Server. It is widely used in both industry and academia, often for enormous, complex databases.
In a distributed database system, a program often referred to as the database's "back end" runs constantly on a server, interpreting data files on the server as a standard relational database. Programs on client computers allow users to manipulate that data, using tables, columns, rows, and fields. To do this, client programs send SQL statements to the server. The server then processes these statements and returns replies to the client program.
- Lance Delano, Rajesh George et al. (2005). Wrox's SQL Server 2005 Express Edition Starter Kit (Programmer to Programmer). Microsoft Press. ISBN 0-7645-8923-7
- Delaney, Kalen, et al. (2007). Inside SQL Server 2005: Query Tuning and Optimization. Microsoft Press. ISBN 0-7356-2196-9.
- Ben-Gan, Itzik, et al. (2006). Inside Microsoft SQL Server 2005: T-SQL Programming. Microsoft Press. ISBN 0-7356-2197-7.
- Lextrait, Vincent (July 2010). "The Programming Languages Beacon, v10.3". Retrieved 5 September 2010.
- http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc645581(v=sql.110).aspx
- http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc645579(v=sql.110).aspx
- http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc645577(v=sql.110).aspx
- http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc645580(v=sql.110).aspx
- http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc645578(v=sql.110).aspx
- Codd, Edgar F (June 1970). "A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks". Communications of the ACM 13 (6): 377–87. doi:10.1145/362384.362685.
- C. J. Date with Hugh Darwen: A Guide to the SQL standard : a users guide to the standard database language SQL, 4th ed., Addison Wesley, USA 1997, ISBN 978-0-201-96426-4
- Beaulieu, Alan (April 2009). Mary E Treseler. ed. Learning SQL (2nd ed.). Sebastapol, CA, USA: O'Reilly. ISBN 978-0-596-52083-0.
- Darwen, Hugh (2005-04-15). "More on Relational Algebra versus Calculus". In Pascal, Fabian. Database Debunkings
- Codd, Edgar F (June 1970). "A Relational Model of Data for Large Shared Data Banks". Communications of the ACM(Association for Computing Machinery) 13 (6): 377–87.doi:10.1145/362384.362685. Retrieved 2007-06-09.
- Chamberlin, Donald D; Boyce, Raymond F (1974)."SEQUEL: A Structured English Query Language" (PDF).Proceedings of the 1974 ACM SIGFIDET Workshop on Data Description, Access and Control (Association for Computing Machinery): 249–64. Retrieved 2007-06-09.
- Oppel, Andy (February 27, 2004). Databases Demystified. San Francisco, CA: McGraw-Hill Osborne Media. pp. 90–1. ISBN 0-07-146960-5.
- M. Negri, G. Pelagatti, L. Sbattella (1989) Semantics and problems of universal quantification in SQL.
- Fratarcangeli, Claudio (1991). Technique for universal quantification in SQL. Retrieved from ACM.org.
- Kawash, Jalal (2004) Complex quantification in Structured Query Language (SQL): a tutorial using relational calculus - Journal of Computers in Mathematics and Science Teaching ISSN 0731-9258 Volume 23, Issue 2, 2004 AACE Norfolk, Virginia. Retrieved from Thefreelibrary.com.
- Arie Jones, Ryan K. Stephens, Ronald R. Plew, Alex Kriegel, Robert F. Garrett (2005), SQL Functions Programmer's Reference. Wiley, 127 pages.
- PostgreSQL contributors (2011). "PostgreSQL server programming". PostgreSQL 9.1 official documentation. postgresql.org. Retrieved 2012-03-09.
- PostgreSQL contributors (2012). "About PostgreSQL".PostgreSQL 9.1 official website. PostgreSQL Global Development Group. Retrieved March 9, 2012. "PostgreSQL prides itself in standards compliance. Its SQL implementation strongly conforms to the ANSI-SQL:2008 standard"
- Lorentz, Diana; Roeser, Mary Beth; Abraham, Sundeep; Amor, Angela; Arora, Geeta; Arora, Vikas; Ashdown, Lance; Baer, Hermann et al. (October 2010) [1996]. "Basic Elements of Oracle SQL: Data Types". Oracle Database SQL Language Reference 11g Release 2 (11.2). Oracle Database Documentation Library. Redwood City, CA: Oracle USA, Inc. Retrieved December 29, 2010. "For each DATEvalue, Oracle stores the following information: century, year, month, date, hour, minute, and second"
|