International Research journal of Management Science and Technology

  ISSN 2250 - 1959 (online) ISSN 2348 - 9367 (Print) New DOI : 10.32804/IRJMST

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PATNA: A CITY IN THE SIXTEENTH, THE SEVENTEENTH AND EARLY EIGHTEENTH CENTURY

    1 Author(s):  TABISH HASHMI

Vol -  9, Issue- 5 ,         Page(s) : 87 - 93  (2018 ) DOI : https://doi.org/10.32804/IRJMST

Abstract

"The city is more beautiful than the face of the beloved; the inhabitants of the city are more charming than the city” - Mirza Muhammed Sadiq The arrival of the Great Mughals in India witnessed the creation and stabilization of provincial administration that continues till today more or less on same pattern. They clearly demarcated the boundaries of different subah and settled their capitals and ensured effective administrative systems for these subahs. In 1576 Bihar became a subah of the erstwhile Mughal Empire and from there it remained an integral part of the Mughal empire till the battle of Plassey in 1757, when the influence of the British was felt and acknowledged in the region. During the Mughal period Subah i Bihar was an important subah because of its strategic location and the plenty of resources which have been noticed and mentioned by various foreign travellers in their lengthy description. Walter Hamilton noted in the East India Gazetteer that "Bihar is one of the most fertile, highly cultivated and populous of Hindustan, in proportion to its extent of plain arable ground, which may be computed at 26,000 square miles, divided naturally into two equal portion, north and south of the Ganges."

1.  W .Hamilton, East India Gazetteer, Vol. I, B.R. Publishing comp., Delhi, 151 published,
     1828; reprint, 1984, p.102.
2.  S. A Khan, John Marshal in India, 1668-72, London, 1927, p.76.
3.  Ibid, p.12
4.  Imperial Gazetteer of India, Provincial series, Bengal; Calcutta, 190Y, Vol., II, 111. 11 S.A. Khan, John Marshal...pp ,76-77
5. ibid.p.45
6.  F. Lehmann, 'the l81 h century transition in India: response of some Bihar
     intellectuals'. Ph.D. Disst; University of Wisconsin, 1967, 22n 44, cited in Kum Kum
     Chatteijee,p.75
      7. Mildred Archer, Patna paintings,  British Museum, London.
     8. Mira Pakrasi, Folktales of Bihar ; Origin of Patna, Sterling Publishers, 1999, 112-4.
     9.  W. Fostered., (here after E. F. I.), 1618-21, 192 and S.A.Khan, John Marshal ... ,        pp.77 and 121.
     10. Thomas Bowrey, A geographical account  p , 221
     11.R. C. Temple, ed., Peter Mundy, Travels in Asia, 1628-34, Vol. II, 2nd series, London, 1914, 83.
     12. C. E. Laurd, trns. & ed., Travels of F. Sebastian Manrique, Vol. II, Hakluyt Society,
      London, 1927,p.  14
      13.  K. M. Karim; The province of Bihar and Bengal under Shahjahan; Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, Dacca, 1974, 172.   
     14.Peter Mundy, Travels, Vol. II, 159.
      15. Jagdish Narayan Sarkar, (art)., 'Patna and its environs in the seventeenth century- A study in Economic history', J. B. R. S., 1948, Vol. 34, 131;
     16. S.A. Khan, John Marshal, p. 117
     17. R. M .Martin, Historical Documents of Eastern India, Bihar and Patna, Vol. I, first
     pub., 1938,    Delhi, Reprint 1990; 385
     18. S. Yusuf Hussain Khan, ed., Selected Documents of Aurangzeb 's reign 1659-1706,
      Andhra Pradesh Publication, 1958,
    19. Travels of Manrique, Vol. II, 120-
     20.  Q. Ahmed, ed., Patna through the ages, Glimpses of History, Society and Economy,
       Commonwealth Publications, New Delhi, 1988. 43

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