International Research journal of Management Science and Technology

  ISSN 2250 - 1959 (online) ISSN 2348 - 9367 (Print) New DOI : 10.32804/IRJMST

Impact Factor* - 6.2311


**Need Help in Content editing, Data Analysis.

Research Gateway

Adv For Editing Content

   No of Download : 124    Submit Your Rating     Cite This   Download        Certificate

AN EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS ON THE EFFECT OF STRENGTHENING OF QUADRICEPS MUSCLE ON CROSS MOTOR FUNCTION AND BALANCE IN CHILDREN WITH CEREBRAL PALSY

    1 Author(s):  DR. ANIL KUMAR SINGH

Vol -  2, Issue- 1 ,         Page(s) : 60 - 76  (2011 ) DOI : https://doi.org/10.32804/IRJMST

Abstract

Cerebral palsy was first described by the English physician Sir Francis Williams Little and was known as Little’s disease for a long time. He thought that this condition was caused by neonatal asphyxia. Later Sigmund Freud and other scientists challenged Little’s idea and proposed that a variety of insults during pregnancy could damage the developing brain.The impairment of voluntary motor control is the hallmark of cerebral palsy1. Cerebral Palsy is caused by wide spectrum of development and acquired abnormalities of immature brain. It is the most common physical disability in the childhood. Muscle weakness is more pronounced distally and found to cause imbalance across joints. Significant increase in movement speed and muscle torque in the resistance trained group with no adverse effects have been reported by many authors. Others authors reported that gains in strength could be achieved with resistance training of thigh musculature for CP without adverse effects on movement or spasticity.

1. Damiano dl, kelly le, vaughan cl. Effects of quadriceps femoris muscle strengthening on crouch gait in children with spastic diplegia. Physther  1995; 75: 658_/67.
2. Muscle strength training to improve gait function in children with cerebral palsy.dev med child !eurol. 2008 oct;50(10):759-64. Iv
3. macphailhea, kramerjf. Effect of isokinetic strength-training on functional ability and walking efficiency in adolescents with cerebral palsy. Dev med child neurol 1995; 37: 763_/75.
4. Dodd  k j, taylornf, damiano dl. A systematic review of the effectiveness of strength-training programmes for people with cerebral palsy. Arch phys med rehabil 2002; 83: 1157_/64.
5. Ross sa, engsbergjr. Relationships between spasticity, strength, gait, and the gmfm-66 in persons with spastic diplegia cerebral palsy. Archives of  physical medicine and rehabilitation. 2007 sep;88(9):1114-20.
6. Ross sa, engsbergjr. Relation between spasticity and strength in individuals with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy. Developmental medicine and child neurology. 2002 mar;44(3):148-57.
7. Rosenbaum p, paneth n, leviton a, goldstein m, bax m, damiano d, et al. A report: the definition and classification of cerebral palsy april 2006. Dev med child neurol suppl. 2007 feb;109:8-14.
8. Riad j, haglund-akerlind y, miller f. Power generation in children with spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Gait posture. 2008 may;27(4):641-7.
9. Prevalence and characteristics of children with cerebral palsy in europe. Developmental medicine and child neurology. 2002 sep;44(9):633-40.
10. Stackhouse sk, binder-macleodsa, lee sc. Voluntary muscle activation, contractile properties, and fatigability in children with and without cerebral palsy. Muscle & nerve. 2005 may;31(5):594-601.
11. Wiley me, damiano dl. Lower-extremity strength profiles in spastic cerebral palsy. Developmental medicine and child neurology. 1998 feb;40(2):100-7.
12. Östensjö s, carlbergeb, vollestadnk. Motor impairments in young children with cerebral palsy: relationship to gross motor function and everyday activities. Developmental medicine and child neurology. 2004 sep;46(9):580-9.
13. K. Berg at et al .  The balance scale : relibility assessment with elderly residents and patients with an acute stroke.scand j rehab med 27:27-36,1995.
14. K. Berg at et al  measuring balance in the elderly: validation of an instrument. Canadian journal of public health- supplement 2 s7 aug. 1992
15. j.rse, r. Wolff  and et al postural balance in children with cerebral palsy. Developmental medicine and child neurology.44:58-63;2002.
16. Escolar, dm; henricson, ek; mayhew, j; florence, j; leshner, r; patel, km; clemens, pr. Clinical evaluator reliability for quantitative and manual muscle testing measures of strength in children. Muscle nerve. 2001;24:787–93. Doi: 10.1002/mus.1070. 
17. Frese, e; brown, m; norton, bj. Clinical reliability of manual muscle testing. Physther. 1987;67:1072–1076. 
18. Effectiveness of static weight-bearing exercises in children with cerebral palsy.PediatrPhysTher. 2007 Summer;19(2):172-8. 
19. Taylor, nf; dodd, kj; damiano, dl. Progressive resistance exercise in physical therapy: a summary of systematic reviews. Physther. 2005;85:1208–1223.
20. Russell dj, rosenbaumpl, cadmandt, h. Livingston. Content validity of the expacted and revised gross motor function classification system.. Dev med child neurol 2008;50:744-750.
21. Effects a static bicycleingprogramme on the functional ability of young people with cerebral palsy who are non –ambulant. Developmental medicine and child neurology.49:522-527;2007.
22. Mcburney and f. Taylor  and et al , a qualitative  analysis of the benefits of strength training for young people with cerebral palsy. Developmental medicine and child neurology.45:658-663;2003.
23. Hua fang liao and et al, the relation between standing  balance and walking function in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy. Developmental medicine and child neurology.1997:39:106-112.
24. Janet schmidhauser md and et al; impaired motor performance and movement quality in very-low –birthwieght children at 6 years of age. Developmental medicine and child neurology.   48:718-722:2006.
25. K j dodd, h k graham, a randomized clinical trail of strength training in young people with cerebral palsy. Developmental medicine and child neurology.2003:45:652-657.
26. Jessica rose ; neuromuscular activation and motor-unit firing characteristics in cerebral palsy . Developmental medicine and child neurology 2005; 47:329-336.
27. S r bonellie  and j chalmers , comparision of risk factors for cerebral palsy in twins and singletons. Developmental medicine and child neurology 2005;47:587-591.
28. Prevalence, type, distribution, and severity of cerebral palsy in relation to gestational age: a meta-analytic review.Dev med child neurol. 2008 may;50(5):334-40
29. Prevalence and typy of cerebral palsy in a britis ethnic community : the role of consanguity. Developmental medicine and child neurology 1997;39259-269.
30. Cerebral palsy in multifoetal pregnancies. Developmental medicine and child neurology 2002, 44:352-355.
31. Terminology and classification of cerebral palsy. Developmental medicine and child neurology 1964,6:297-307.
32. Gross motor function classification system : impact and utility. Developmental medicine and child neurology 2004; 46:60-65.
33. Reliability of isokinetic strength measurements of the knee in children with cerebral palsy. Developmental medicine and child neurology 2000; 43:398-402.
34. Cycling patterns in children with and without cerebral palsy. Developmental medicine and child neurology 2005; 47:329-336.
35. a review of the efficacy of lower – limb orthoses used for cerebral palsy. Developmental medicine and child neurology 2002; 44:205-211.
36. Correlation between the gross motor function measure scores and gait spatiotemporal measures in children with neurological impairment . Developmental medicine and child neurology 1996,38:10071019.
37. Morton JF, Brownlee M, McFadyen AK. The effects of progressive resistance training for children with cerebral palsy. ClinRehabil. 2005 May;19(3):283-9.
38. Measyes of muscle and joint performance in the lower limb of children with cerebral palsy. Developmental medicine and child neurology 2003; 45:664-670.
39. Outcome assessments in children with cerebral palsy , part i :descriptive characteristics of gmfcs level i to iii. Developmental medicine and child neurology 2007,47:172-180.
40. Kowalski K, Di Fabio RP Gross motor and balance impairments in children and adolescents with epilepsy . Dev Med Child Neurol. 1995 Jul;37(7):604-19
41. Progressive resistance strengthening exercises after stroke :a single –blind randomized controlled trail.  Arch phys med rehabil  2003, 84:1433-1440.
42. Fatigue resistance during a voluntary performance task is associated with lower levels of mobility in cerebral palsy. Arch phys med rehabil, 2008 89:2011-2016.
43. Increase of muscle strength from isometric quadriceps exercises at different knee angles.scand j rehab med ,11;33-36.
44. Neuroimpairments activity limitations , and participation restrictions in children with cerebralpalsy. Developmental medicine and child neurology 2002,44:309-316.
45. Minor neurological signs and developmental performance in high risk childen at preschool age. Developmental medicine and child neurology 20025,44:323-328.
46. Spastic hemiplegia . Developmental medicine and child neurology ,2008:50:71-75.
47. Gross motor function classification sysem and outcome tools for assessing ambularycerebralpalsy :a multicenter study. Developmental medicine and child neurology 2004,46:311-319.
48. Horseback riding in children  with cerebral palsy: effect on gross motor function. Developmental medicine and child neurology 2002,44:301-308.
49. Correlation between physical functioning and gait measures in children with cerebral palsy. Developmental medicine and child neurology 2002,44:185-190.
50. Developmental assessment : a test for gross motor and reflex development.Physical therapy,1973,53:117-125.
51. Susan  B O’Sullivan, Thomas J.Schmitz :Physical rehabilitation fifth edition:Jaypee Brothers , 2007 ; 268-269.
52. NadireBerker, selimYalcin: the help guide to cerebral palsy: global help.org.
53. Darcy Ann Umphred : Neurological Rehabilitation:third edition Mosby publication;m1995:728.
54. Effectiveness of loaded sit-to-stand resistance exercise for children with mild spastic diplegia: a randomized clinical trial. Arch Phys Med Rehabil. 2007 Jan;88(1):25-31.

*Contents are provided by Authors of articles. Please contact us if you having any query.






Bank Details