International Research journal of Management Science and Technology

  ISSN 2250 - 1959 (online) ISSN 2348 - 9367 (Print) New DOI : 10.32804/IRJMST

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PATTERN IN FEMALE PAID WORK PARTICIPATION AND THE NATURE OF ACTIVITIES OF FEMALES OUT OF LABOUR FORCE SINCE EARLY 1990’S

    1 Author(s):  SWATI MALIK

Vol -  4, Issue- 1 ,         Page(s) : 293 - 311  (2013 ) DOI : https://doi.org/10.32804/IRJMST

Abstract

Introduction The employment issue has been much discussed phenomenon in Indian economy since Independence. The large proportion of workers engaged in agriculture however, contributes a mere 14 per cent to the GDP. While non-agricultural sectors contribute 86 per cent of GDP but provide only 51 per cent of total employment. This picture describes the unequal gains from non-agricultural sectors in terms of employment generation. Moreover, a large percentage of workers are engaged in informal employment and their earnings are extremely low. In such a scenario, the female workers are marginalized the most and working under very distressed conditions. The depressed situations of labour market are one of the reasons of low work force participation rates among females. Female labour force participation rates are as low as 31 per cent which are amongst the lowest in the world and the second lowest in South Asia after Pakistan. The low female participation is on the account of economic, social and definitional factors. The working conditions in labour market are getting precarious especially, since liberalization. Macroeconomic policies under the liberalized regime have been pursued independently from the employment strategies.

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